Burns are among the most painful injuries we treat in the Emergency Department. They happen in an instant—a splash of boiling water, a slip with a curling iron, or an accidental touch of a hot stove. While panic is a natural reaction, knowing exactly what to do in those first few minutes can significantly reduce pain, prevent infection, and improve healing.
Here is a simple, step-by-step guide on how to handle burn injuries at home and when you need to seek professional care.
Immediate First Aid Steps
If you or a loved one suffers a burn, safety is the priority. Once you are away from the source of the heat, follow these steps immediately.
The most critical step is to stop the burning process. Run cool (not cold) tap water over the burn for 10 to 20 minutes.
Burns often cause swelling very quickly. Gently remove any jewelry, watches, or tight clothing near the affected area before the skin begins to swell. If clothing is stuck to the burn, do not pull it off. Leave it alone and seek medical help.
Once the burn has cooled, cover it loosely with a sterile, non-stick bandage or clean cloth.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage the pain. Follow the dosage instructions on the bottle.
Assessing the Severity: When to Come In
Not all burns require a trip to the ER, but it is vital to know the difference between a minor injury and a serious one.
First-Degree Burns: These involve only the top layer of skin (like a mild sunburn). They are red, painful, and dry but typically heal on their own within a week.
Second-Degree Burns: These go deeper. The skin will look red, blistered, and may be swollen. If the burn is smaller than 3 inches, you can often treat it at home. However, if it is on the face, hands, feet, groin, or over a major joint, please come see us.
Third-Degree Burns: These are severe injuries where the skin may appear white, charred, or leathery. Surprisingly, the area might be numb due to nerve damage. Call 911 or go to the Emergency Department immediately.
A Note on Blisters
If blisters form, do not pop them. The blister acts as a natural biological dressing, protecting the raw skin underneath from bacteria. If a blister breaks on its own, wash the area gently with mild soap and water, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover it with a bandage.
By staying calm and following these simple protocols, you can effectively manage most minor burns at home. However, our Emergency Department team is always here 24/7 if you are unsure or in pain. It is always better to be safe and get checked out.
